Slope-valley circulation

Slope-valley circulation, which is exclusively dependent on thermal factors, occurs as a result of spatially differentiated insolation (Fig. 4, [12]). During the day, slopes... 

Fig. 4 Slope-valley circulation in the course of a day (vantage valley upwards) [12]...

Local winds. Local (mesoscale) circulations and winds such as breezes, mountain-valley circulation, slope winds, foehns, boras, etc., along with the atmospheric processes on synoptic scale, play an important role in the formation of the climate on the coasts of the Black Sea. 

The development of breezes, mountain-valley circulation, and slope winds is best favored by synoptic situations low-gradient baric field and low velocities of the main flow in the lower troposphere. In these cases, a distinctly manifested diurnal variation in all the meteorological parameters is observed [2,3]. 

The speed of breezes is relatively low. For the offshore breezes, its average value is 3-5 m/s for the onshore breezes, it is 1-3 m/s. Speed increases may be observed in the regions where mountains approach the coastline and the orientation of mountain and river valleys coincides with the dominating direction of the breezes. In such cases, the breezes are enhanced by slope winds or due to the mountain-valley circulation. 

---