Skin protection

If a potential exists for skin exposure to UV lasers (200-400 mn), use skin covers and/or sunscreen. Most gloves will provide some protection against laser radiation. Tightly woven fabrics and opaque gloves provide the best protection. A laboratory jacket or coat can provide protection for the arms. For class 4 lasers, give consideration for using flame-resistant materials. Use protective clothing when exposed to levels of radiation that exceed exposure limits for the skin. 

---

The xylenes are mildly toxic. They ate mild skin irritants, and skin protection and the cannister-type masks are recommended. The oral LD q value for rats is 4300 ppm. The STEL for humans is 150 ppm. Xylenes show only mild toxicity to fish, and the threshold limit for crop damage is 800—2400 ppm. Biodegradation with activated seed is slow, and sewage digestion is impaired by 0.1% concentrations. In the event of a spih, oil-skimming equipment, adsorbent foam, and charcoal maybe used for cleanup. 

Chemical safety data sheets for individual compounds should be consulted for detailed information. Precautions for the higher aldehydes are essentially those for most other reactive organic compounds, and should include adequate ventilation in areas where high exposures are expected fire and explosion precautions and proper instmction of employees in use of respiratory, eye, and skin protection. 

Good ventilation, eye and skin protection, and an approved organic vapor respirator should be used when handling diketene. 

Personnel involved in the handling of methanol require eye and skin protection from the irritating properties of methanol in the event of a spill. Contact lenses should not be worn, since plastic lens materials may absorb and concentrate methanol against the eye. Additional respiratory protection is not required with adequate local explosion-proof ventilation. 

Alkylamiaes are toxic. Both the Hquids and vapors can cause severe irritations to mucous membranes, eyes, and skin. Protective butyl mbber gloves, aprons, chemical face shields, and self-contained breathing apparatus should be used by aH personnel handling alkylamiaes. Amines are flammable and the lower mol wt alkylamiaes with high vapor pressures at ordiaary temperatures have low flash poiats. Amines should be handled ia weH-veatilated areas only after eliminating potential sources of ignition. 

NIOSH/MSHA-approved respiratory protection devices should be used. For skin protection, use of protective garments and gloves of Viton, Nitrile, or PVA constmction should be made. The acute effects of overexposure to styrene are shown in Table 6 (74). 

OC-Bisabolol. a-Bisabolol (99) occurs in camomile flowers and has been shown to be the main antiphlogistic and spasmolytic component of the European medicinal plant. The use of bisabolol is recommended mainly for its pharmacodynamic properties in cosmetic preparations for skin protection. 

The smoothing or emoUient properties of creams and lotions are critical for making these emulsions the preferred vehicles for facial skin moisturizers, skin protectants, and rejuvenating products. On the body, emoUients provide smoothness and tend to reduce the sensation of tightness commonly associated with dryness and loss of Hpids from the skin. Although a wide variety of plant and animal extracts have been claimed to impart skin benefits, vaUd scientific evidence for efficacy has been provided only rarely. 

The abihty of skin-care products to supply moisture to the skin remains in question. In the United States, however, the OTC panel has sanctioned the use of skin-protectant ingredients such as glycerin, which may play roles in the skin s water ecology. Products for the care of body skin are similar to preparations formulated for the care of facial skin. Products for overall body care should leave a dry, satinlike finish even though relatively high levels of... 

Neoprene latexes contain 0.5 to 0.02% residual chloroprene depending on the specific latex type. The amount of free alkaH in the water phase of latexes varies from 0.1 to 0.08% depending on type and age of the material. Eye protection and appropriate skin protection have been recommended for use in situations where splashes or spills are possible. Toxicity and safe handling practices have been recommended for Du Pont types (171). Since compositions may vary with other manufacturers, specific information should be obtained for other products. 

In acid-hase reactions, the heat of neutralization of aqueous acids and bases can he sufficient to cause spitting from containers when the concentrated reagents interact. This is also encountered when concentrated sulphuric acid is diluted (refer to Table 7.1) the acid should always be added cautiously to water and not vice versa. Eye and skin protection is obligatory when using such reagents. 

Skin Protective gloves. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. 

Work in well ventilated area wearing appropriate skin protection and respiratory equipment. 

Skin protection may necessitate use of full protective suits. When catalysts are dumped from reactors at the end of a process they may prove to be extremely dusty as a result of reduction in particle size during the reaction process. Again, depending upon the nature of the hazard, ventilation, personal protection, and use of temporary enclosures to prevent contamination of the general work area should be considered. Some catalysts are pyrophoric and some catalyst beds are inerted with the added possibility of fire, or release of inerting gas into the workplace which may cause asphyxiation. 

Work in well-ventilated area wearing appropriate skin protection and respiratory equipment. Check for leaks (e.g. with aqueous ammonia) and consider the need for detection/alarm systems. Leaks should be dealt with immediately after evacuating the area. 

For skin protection, an oleosome technology was developed by Lonza Company in 2004. Natrulon, the initial product in the line, is comprised of safflower oleosomes formulated as DermaSphere. For details see http //www.lonza.com/. 

Cover skin with a sunscreen lotion with a skin protection factor (SPF) of at least 15, protecting against UV radiation (both UVA and UVB). 

See Figure 1.) If re-entry into certain crops, regularly or occasionally, cannot be excluded, but a "worst-case" risk assessment shows that exposure remains below the tolerable level even without specific skin protection measures, it will be sufficient to include the minimum label instruction, point 1 ... 

Benzidine is a known carcinogen and should be handled with extreme caution (Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens NTP 85-002, 1985, p. 37). The solid and its vapors may be rapidly absorbed through skin. Protective clothing and the use of a fume hood are... 

In 1986, the antioxidant effects of thioredoxin reductase were studied by Schallreuter et al. [81]. It has been shown that thioredoxin reductase was contained in the plasma membrane surface of human keratinocytes where it provided skin protection against free radical mediated damage. Later on, the reductive activity of Trx/thioredoxin reductase system has been shown for the reduction of ascorbyl radical to ascorbate [82], the redox regulation of NFkB factor [83], and in the regulation of nitric oxide-nitric oxide synthase activities [84,85],... 

Structural firefighters protective clothing is recommended for fire situations only it is not effective in spill situations or release events. If chemical protective clothing is not available and it is necessary to rescue casualties from a contaminated area, then structural firefighters gear will provide very limited skin protection against nerve agent vapors. Contact with liquids, solids, and solutions should be avoided. 

---