Skewing coherent

The gauche conformation of butane already shows conformational distortions in that the C—C—C—C dihedral angle is opened to about 70°, while the methyl group hydrogens are calculated to be skewed coherently by about 4.6°. The rotational barrier to anti-gauche interconversion derived spectroscopically is 3.63 kcal mol and as to the methyl eclipsing-methyl barrier, there has been considerable speculation described recently by Allinger and coworkers", who conclude it to be 4.89 kcal mol... 

The distributed array of drag elements in vegetation canopies creates a mean wind profile that contains an elevated shear layer centred near the canopy top that more closely approximates a plane mixing layer than a wall layer. This velocity stmcture is responsible for turbulence characteristics that differ substantially from those over a smooth surface. Velocity spectra are sharply peaked, streamwise and vertical velocities have probability densities that are strongly skewed, streamwise and vertical velocities are correlated more strongly that would be expected over a smoother surface, and transport is dominated by coherent flow structures with sweeps more important than ejections. 

Similarly, and in contrast to the currently used normal distribution, the right-skewed /3-distribution that shows the trend of the usually underestimated actual processing time is to be used. This is to make allowance for the fact that activities tend to take more time and resources than expected. In the current simulation model, the effectiveness of tools does not depend on the qualifications of the persons who use the tool nor does it depend on the tasks a certain tool is used for. This should be adapted according to actual conditions so that the further development should take these coherences into account. 

Thus the approximately 120° of rotational conformational space between two eclipsed arrangements, which holds a single staggered conformation according to the simple analysis, may in fact contain two coherently skewed conformations and an indeterminate number of easily accessible, incoherently skewed ones. Such a proliferation of conformational states may have entropic consequences. 

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