Size-exclusion chromatography with coupled columns

Gardner et al. [9] recognised that because component separations on size exclusion columns with distilled water are affected by chemical physical interactions as well as component molecular size, distilled water size exclusion chromatography will also fractionate dissolved metal forms. These workers interfaced distilled water size exclusion chromatography with inductively coupled argon plasma detection to fractionate and detect dissolved forms of calcium and magnesium in lake and river waters. 

Advances in size-exclusion chromatography, coupled with refractive index, absorption, viscosity, and lightscattering detectors, and MALDI-ToFMS, have made it possible to accurately determine molecular weight distribution (oligomer profiling), even at the relatively low values of polymeric additives (up to about 5000 Da). Advances in column design, e.g. high-resolution PS/DVB columns (> 105 plates m-1) mean that SEC can provide a valuable alternative to conventional HPLC techniques for the separation of small molecules. 

Chromatographic approaches have been also used to separate nanoparticles from samples coupled to different detectors, such as ICP-MS, MS, DLS. The best known technique for size separation is size exclusion chromatography (SEC). A size exclusion column is packed with porous beads, as the stationary phase, which retain particles, depending on their size and shape. This method has been applied to the size characterization of quantum dots, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and polystyrene nanoparticles [168, 169]. Another approach is hydro-dynamic chromatography (HDC), which separates particles based on their hydro-dynamic radius. HDC has been connected to the most common UV-Vis detector for the size characterization of nanoparticles, colloidal suspensions, and biomolecules [170-172]. 

Remove non-coupled peptide by size exclusion chromatography using Sepharose CL-4B column but with HBS pH 7.4 as eluent. 

As is the case with LC-MS, the solvent from an HPLC must be removed before the column output can be introduced into the spectrometer, or plasma conditions must be compatible to large amounts of organic solvents. For microwave or inductively-coupled plasmas (ICPs), the first must be done. Direct-current plasmas (DCPs) can accommodate direct solvent introduction. The high-molecular weight compounds when lead binds to human erythrocytes were separated by size-exclusion chromatography and ICP-AED was used to monitor the eluent. 

Polymer Structure and Characterization, in separation science, the phenomenon of adsorption coupled with size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) has been applied to rapidly separate and characterize polymers. In this technique, called full adsorption-desorption/SEC coupling (FAD/SEC), all the components of a polymer blend are initially adsorbed onto an adsorbent. Then each component is displaced using a suitable small-molecule displacer and sent into the SEC column to characterize their size and mass distribution. This approach also finds application in characterizing copolymers having complex architecture (63). 

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