Sintering curves

Fig. 5.50 Resistivity at room temperature as a function of oxygen pressure during sintering curve A, undoped BaTi0 85Zr015O3 curve B, (Ba0 85Ca0. i5Ofi.oHTio.9Zro.OO2. (After [24])...

Fig. 13. Sintering curves for compositions in the SiA10N-Y3Al5012 system and the SiAlON-cordierite system (24). The heating rate was 3°C per minute [25],...

The present discussion is limited for the most part to low temperature nitrogen adsorption studies and sintering experiments. An adsorption-desorption isotherm yields at once surface area, pore volume, average pore radius and an approximate pore size distribution. Such an isotherm is thus an excellent fingerprint of the physical structure of the catalyst. Sintering curves, or temperature-area plots, obviously demonstrate relative thermal stabilities of these structures under the conditions... 

In Fig. 3 are presented sintering curves for representative cracking catalysts. Surface area values are plotted against temperature of... 

The sintering curves, in which surface area is plotted against temperature of treatment, are presented in Fig. 15. These curves also demonstrate the wide difference between vacuum and steam sintering of Aerocat. The area value of 85 sq. m./g. obtained in steam at 621°C. (1150°F.) corresponds approximately to a vacuum sintering value in the... 

A comparison of Filtrol sintering curves obtained in vacuum and in steam is available in Fig. 22. Area values are plotted against temperature of treatment. It is apparent that steam accelerates the sintering... 

The sintering curves, in which area values are plotted against temperature of treatment, are presented in Fig. 29. Unless otherwise indicated the heat treatments extended for twelve hours. As pointed out in Sec. Ill such area values do not represent final states of sintering at the indicated temperatures because of the limited time period of the treatment. 

Figure 11.54 Sketch showing three different processing trajectories in reaction sintering. Curve A is the trajectory for a system in which the reaction rate is much faster than the densification rate curve B is for a system where the reaction rate and densification rate are of roughly the same magnitude for the system following trajectory C, the densification rate is much faster than the reaction rate. (From Ref. 90.)...

Using Eq. (11.77) to determine the dashed curves in Fig. 11.61 represent the time to reach full density at each temperature for two assumed values of the pore size of 5 nm and 500 nm. If the sintering curve does not cross the crystallization curve, then densification can be completed before detectable crystallization occurs. Consistent with the earlier discussion, gels with smaller pores are seen to sinter faster, so they are less likely to crystallize before the completion of sintering. 

Figure 12.3 Sintering curves for ZnO in air during constant heating rate sintering at 5°C/min obtained from the dilatometric shrinkage curve showing (a) the shrinkage and density as a function of temperature and (b) the densification rate as a function of temperature.

Figure 12.5 Sketch of sintering curves to illustrate the selection of an optimum isothermal sintering temperature.

The relationship between p and F(p) is refored to as the master sintering curve. 

Figure 12.13 Master sintering curve for ZnO constructed from the data in Fig. 12.8. (From Ref. 10.)...

FIGURE 10.14 Sintering behaviours of materials for each layer (a) sintering curves (heating rate 5°C/min) and (b) sintering rate curves. (Data from Li, T. et al., Journal of Membrane Science, 449, 1-8, 2014.)... 

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