Single-phase flows nonreacting

The deviation of a real reactor from ideal systems is deduced by a widely used method of inquiry, the stimulus-response experiment with a nonreactive tracer. The goal is not knowledge of all the hydrodynamic details of the real flow, but to know how long the molecules stay in the reactor or, more precisely, determination of the residence time distribution (RTD). Based on the RTD and a respective link to the mass balance and conversion equation, respectively, the conversion of a reactant in a real reactor can then be calculatecL We will learn this in Sections 4.10.5.2 and 4.10.6.2, limiting ourselves to the case of single-phase flow and steady-state operation. 

For two-phase flows, so far, LES of nonreacting particle-laden dispersed turbulent flows in jet configuration is considered with a finite difference scheme similar to that used in the authors single-phase LES. 

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