Single Hearts

Pigure 3.1 shows several potential on-line modes of two-dimensional GC operation. These couplings demonstrate HRGC-HRGC performed by using a single heart-cut from the primary to the secondary column, multiple heart-cuts, transferred to multiple intermediate traps, and heart-cuts transferred to a multiple parallel secondary column configuration. 

Cobbold, P. H., and Bourne, P. K. (1984). Aequorin measurement of free calcium in single heart cells. Nature 312 444-446. 

Jacques Boivin, The Single Heart Field Theory... 

Wier WG, Cannell MB, Berlin JB, Marban E, Lederer WJ Cellular and subcellular heterogeneity of [Ca2+]j in single heart cells revealed by Fura-2. Science 1987 235 325-328. 

FIGURE 3.25 The concept of multidimensional GC (a) Single heart-cut GC analysis, in which a portion of the effluent from the primary column containing analytes of interest is diverted to the second dimension column and subjected to additional separation over an extended period of time, (b) Dual heart-cut GC analysis, in which two regions with coelutions are diverted to the second dimension column, with less time to perform each separation, (c) Comprehensive two dimensional GC analysis, in which the sizes of the sequential heart-cut fractions are very small, and the time to develop each sequential second dimension chromatogram is very short. 

A recent study has shown that NADH can increase the biosynthesis of ATP inside the cell. Isolated single heart cells were incubated with NADH, and an increase of ATP inside the cell was found by two independent methods. This observation provides convincing evidence that NADH can penetrate the cell membrane and increase the cellular energy level in the form of ATP. If the cell has more energy, it can live longer and can perform its functions better. 

Cheng, W., Klauke, N., Sedgwick, H., Smith, G.L., Cooper, J.M. Metabobc monitoring of the electrically stimulated single heart cell within a microfluidic platform. Lab. Chip. 6, 1424-1431 (2006). doi 10.1039/b608202e... 

OPPOSITE RIGHT If a solid back is preferred, the card can be made with an extra layer to the rear, as described in the first Single Heart design. 

This design is similar to the fourth Single Heart project, but with the addition of the Asymmetric Angles technique (see page 52) which twists the pop-up off-square. Measure the angles carefully. Use thin card (cardboard), and you will also need a protractor. This card was decorated with pastels. 

The basic Scenery Flats technique seen in the fourteenth Single Heart project is adequate, but the horizontal support can also be used to support further shapes. The double heart is ideally suited to this technique. Use thick paper for the pop-ups and sturdy card (cardboard) for the backing sheet. 

Fig. 3 A single heart cell within a picoliter-scale microchamber, see Refs. [11,13,14] for more details, which has been used for the ultrasensitive amperometric measurement of purines (the cell is ca. 120 pm in length). The view is a plane, with the three electrodes of the amperometric device, fabricated on a glass microscope slide. The photograph shows clearly the large outer counter electrode, the inner, concentric working electrode (at which the active sensing process occurs), and finally the small (white) Ag/AgCl reference electrode, against which the working potential is measured.

The standard ECG is made up of PQRST and sometimes U waves. Each PQRST waveform represents a single heart beat (Pig. 2.7). 

There are multiple advantages to kinematic rather than empirical modeling. As noted, a single-model formulation with one EoM can characterize the physiology encountered in aU the conditions in a single heart, be it a linear or curvilinear isovolumic pressure decay segment in the PPP. Furthermore, it is a better predictor of dP t)ldt and can fit the data before dPIdt, whereas the empiric fits were hmited only... 

Cheng, W., et al., 2006. Metabolic monitoring of the electrically stimulated single heart cell within a microfluidic platform. Lab Chip 6, 1424—1431. 

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