Single electron reducing agent

Sodium serves as single electron reducing agent and EtOH is the proton donor. If no proton donor is available, dimerization will take place, as the Acyloin Condensation. 

The trifluoroacetamide group is one of the more useful amides because of the ease in which it may he removed under mildly basic conditions. Otherwise, it is stable to acidic conditions such as TFA and single electron reducing agents such as Na/an-thracene, but is reduced with hydride reducing agents. 

The reaction of Cu (aq) thus prepared can he studied (41-43) as long as Cr +(aq) does not interfere with the study. Natiu ally, other strong single-electron reducing agents can replace Cr ", for example, V (aq) (44). 

And the use of metal-arenes as single-electron reducing agents for TiCla allows the McMurry reaction between aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and ketones to proceed at room temperature. ... 

Since L-ascorbic acid is potentially a two-electron reducing agent it is reasonable to expect that during the course of any redox reaction electron loss from the L-ascorbic acid occurs in two discrete stages. If this is the case, then the intermediate formed from the loss of one electron is some form of ascorbic acid radical. The existence of the free radical was first demonstrated over thirty years ago. Yamazaki and coworkers showed the presence of the radical in vitro using electron spin resonance (e.s.r.) spectroscopy. This is a technique which measures the interaction between an incident magnetic field and the spin of an unpaired electron in a molecule. The ascorbate radical has a single unpaired electron and has been observed in vivo by the same technique. 

A trifluoromethyl radial (CF3.) can easily be generated via single electron transfer (SET) toward CF3X (X = Br, I). As one-electron reducing agent, low-valent metal, such as Cu, Fe, Pt, Pd, Na2S204, Zn/S02, Et3B/02, and so on, are often... 

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