Single-crystal solution-grown

Using powder as a starting material, single crystals were grown from a solution of hydrofluoric acid containing appropriate concentrations of each type of compound (M = K or Rb), using the slow cooling method [206, 209, 211,438],... 

Nitromalonamide was synthesized according to Hantzsch [10]. Single crystals were grown by evaporation from a methoxy-ethanol solution. The crystal used for data collection was glued to a few carbon fibres stuck on a copper wire for better thermal... 

When the solvent evaporation is performed in a well-controlled way, sufficiently large single crystals can be obtained. This is the case for pentacene, where single crystals are grown from solution in TCB by slowly evaporating the solvent over a period of four weeks at 450 K, under a stream of ultrapure N2 gas. 

Figure 15. Single crystals are grown from a solution of a mineral in water at high pressure and temperature (Reprinted from 122], with permission from the author/editor).

Single crystals were grown from aqueous solution (i), methanol (ii, iii, iv) or methyltetrahydrofuran (v), Copper(ll) was introduced as a substantial impurity by growing single crystals from solutions containing a few percent of the corresponding copper complex. The estimated concentration of copper in the single crystals was about one percent. 

PTS monomer single crystals were grown from acetone solutions by slow evaporation at 0 C (3). DNP single crystals were grown by slow cooling of a saturated nitromethane solution from 90 C down to room temperature (2), DNP monomer crystals are practically insensitive toward light and do not polymerize markedly below 100 C. Both compounds were polymerized by thermal annealing at 59.4 C for PTS and 130 C for DNP (3). 

Note that the value given above refers to a truly crystalline surface. Most melt-crystallized semicrystalline polymers, however, have amorphous surface. Only when they are nucleated in the melt against certain nucleating surfaces, or their single crystals are grown from solutions, are crystalline surfaces obtained. 

Single crystals of RbsNbgOFig can be grown successfully by dissolving the prepared compound in a 20-30% HF solution at increased temperature and subsequent slow cooling of the solution down to room temperature. The solubility of RbgNbjOFjg in 20% HF solution versus the temperature of the solution is given in Fig. 7. 

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