Singer polymals

A variety of functional forms has been used for several very small systems. These include the molecule H2, the ion H3, and the dimer He-He for which Hylleraas functions. Singer polymals, and explicitly correlated Gaussian functions of very high accuracies have been used in QMC of all types. The optimization of these functions has usually been carried out by means of the technique of minimizing the variance in local energies described by Conroy the 1960s. In fact, it has only rarely been done in any other way. 

Singer, A., and Huang, P. M. (1988). Thermal analysis of AlOH polymer/montmorillonite/ humic acid complexes. Thermochim. Acta 135, 307-312. 

Lindsay GA, Singer KD (eds) (1995) Polymers for second-order nonlinear optics. American Chemical Society, Washington DC... 

S 20 Singer, S. Molecular weight averages obtained from sedimentation velocity and diffusion measurements. J. Polymer Sci. 1, 445 (1946). 

Keren, R. and M. J. Singer. 1989. Effect of low electrolyte concentration on hydraulic conductivity of clay-sand-hydroxy polymers systems. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53 349-355. 

Lindsay, G. A. and Singer, K. D. (eds) (1995). Polymers for Second-Order Nonlinear Optics. ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC Liptay, W. (1969). Angew. Chem. 81, 195 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 8, 177 Liptay, W. (1974). Excited States, Vol. 1. Dipole Moments and Polarizabilities of Molecules in Excited Electronic States (ed. E. C. Lim). Academic Press, New York, p. 129... 

Singer, L.S. (1979) in Ultra-High Modulus Polymers, Applied Science Publishers, Essex, UK, p. 251. 

E. Hendrickx, C. Dehu, K. Clays, J.-L. Bredas, A. Persoons in American Chemical Society Symposium Series 601 Polymers for Second-order Nonlinear Optics (Eds. G. A. Lindsay, K. D. Singer), American Chemical Society, Washington DC 1995, p. 82. 

Bauer, S., Bauer-Gogonea, S., Ylmaz, S., Wirges, W, and Gerhard-Multhaupt, R. In Polymers for Second Order Nonlinear Optics, Lindsay and Singer, Eds. 1995,. ACS Symposium Series 601, Ch. 22, pp. 304-316. 

Barnik, M. L, Blinov, L. M., Weyrauch, T, Palto, S. A., Tevosov, A. A., and Haase, W, Stark spectroscopy as a tool for the characterization of poled polymers for nonlinear optics. In G. A. Lindsay, K. O. Singer, Eds. Polymers for Second-Order Nonlinear Optics, 288 (1995). Natansohn, A., Rochon, R, Gosselin, J., and Xie, S. Azo polymers for reversible optical storage. 1. Poly[4 -[[2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]ethylamino]-4-nitroazobenzene]. Macromolecules 25,2268 (1992). 

Sckkat, Z., Aust, E. F., and Knoll, W. Photo-induced poling of polar azo dyes in polymer films. In G. Lindsay and K. Singer, Eds. Polymers for Second-Order Nonlinear Optics, ACS Symp. Set. 601, Ch. 19, 1995. 

Mortazavi MA, Knoesen A, Kowel ST, Higgins BG, Dienes A (1989) J Opt Soc Am B 6 733 Gadret G, Kajzar F, Raimond P (1991) Nonlinear optical properties of poled polymers. In Singer KD (ed) Nonlinear optical properties of organic materials IV. Proc SPIE 1560 226... 

Nunzi JM, Fiorini C, Charra F, Kajzar F, Raimond P (1995) All-optical poling of polymers for phase-matched frequency doubling. In Lindsay GA, Singer KD (eds) Polymers for second-order nonlinear optics. ACS symposium series, vol 601, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, p 240... 

The surface properties of macromolecules most likely arise from the unfolding of the long chains in the surface region. Flory and Huggins (8) developed a theory in 1942 for polymer solution, and Singer (9) later applied it to surface films. Since then Frisch and Simha (10) and Silber-berg (11) proposed additional models which account for those portions of the polymer chain that are pushed into the bulk phase, or even lifted off the surface, upon compression. 

Figure 6.33. The NLO coefficient (I33 of a side chain liquid crystalline polymer PMMA as a function of restore time. (Modified from Singer et al., 1988.)...

---