Silicate glass, surface types

Discrete-dynode multipliers consist of an array of separate dynodes with high secondary electron yield surfaces. CEMs consist of a lead-silicate glass tube processed to have a resistive inner surface with a suitably high secondary electron emission to multiply electrons. The following discussion is restricted to discrete-dynode detectors, which are the most common type used in ICP-MS. However most of the principles described can be readily applied to CEMs. 

Other Considerations Autoignition can occur if combustible fluids are absorbed by wicking-type insulations. Chloride stress corrosion of austenitic stainless steel can occur when chlorides are concentrated on metal surfaces at or above approximately 60°C (140°F). The chlorides can come from sources other than the insulation. Some calcium silicates are formulated to exceed the requirements of the MIL-I-24244A specification. Fire resistance of insulations varies widely. Calcium silicate, cellular glass, glass fiber, and mineral wool are fire-resistant but do not perform equally under actual fire conditions. A steel jacket provides protection, but aluminum does not. 

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