Shrinkage calcium formate

Table 5.6 Drying shrinkage of concretes containing calcium chloride, triethanolamine and calcium formate...

Calcium formate slightly increases drying shrinkage but there is little published data available on its effect on creep. 

The volume of calcium aluminate hydrates formed in the hydration of CA is smaller than the sum of the volumes of the original CA and the water participating in the reaction. This chemical shrinkage for the hydration of monocalcium aluminate amounts to 16 vol.% in the formation of CAHj and to 25 vol.% if CjAHg and AHj are formed as products of hydration. 

Calcium carbonate formation is accompanied by a decrease in the water content and increase in the weight of concrete, thus causing the cracking of the surface. Carbonation shrinkage decreases the cover to reinforcement and increases the risk of ingress of corrosive species. Most important however, is the fall in pH as the concrete becomes less... 

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