Several data at different ionic strengths

The extrapolation procedure used in this review is the specific ion interaction model 

The available source data may sometimes be sparse or may not cover a sufficient range of ionic strengths to allow a proper linear regression. In this case, the correction to / = 0 should be carried out according to the procedure described in Section C.6.1. 

In this way, the uncertainties ct, are not only used for the weighting of the data in Eqs. (C.l 1) and (C.12), but also for the calculation of the uncertainties a- and in Eqs. (C.l3) and (C.l4). If the ct,- represents the 95% confidence level, ct- and will also do so. In other words, the uncertainties of the intercept and the slope do not depend on the dispersion of the data points around the straight line but rather directly on their absolute uncertainties ct,. 

The extrapolation procedure used in this review is the specific ion interaction model outlined in Appendix B. The objective of this review is to provide selected data sets at standard conditions, i.e., among others, at infinite dilution for aqueous species. Equilibrium constants determined at different ionic strengths can, according to the specific ion interaction equations, be extrapolated to / = 0 with a linear regression model, yielding as the intercept the desired equilibrium constant at / = 0, and as the slope the stoichiometric sum of the ion interaction coefficients, As. The ion interaction coefficient of the target species can usually be extracted from As and is listed in the corresponding table of Appendix B. 

---

Several data available at different ionic strengths... 

Acid/hase potentiometry enables the surface charge density to be measured. This involves comparison of the titration curves obtained for the suspension of oxide at several different ionic strengths (10 10" M) with that of the electrolyte alone, followed by calculation of the net consumption of protons or hydroxyl ions (mol g ) at each pH. The data is presented as a plot of excess of acid or base (Fh - Toh ) mol g or mol m ) vs pH (adsorption isotherm) or as a plot of surface charge, cr, (coulombs m ) vs pH (charging curve) (Figure 10.5). 

Table XIX contains stability constants for complexes of Ca2+ and of several other M2+ ions with a selection of phosphonate and nucleotide ligands (681,687-695). There is considerably more published information, especially on ATP (and, to a lesser extent, ADP and AMP) complexes at various pHs, ionic strengths, and temperatures (229,696,697), and on phosphonates (688) and bisphosphonates (688,698). The metal-ion binding properties of cytidine have been considered in detail in relation to stability constant determinations for its Ca2+ complex and complexes of seven other M2+ cations (232), and for ternary M21 -cytidine-amino acid and -oxalate complexes (699). Stability constant data for Ca2+ complexes of the nucleosides cytidine and uridine, the nucleoside bases adenine, cytosine, uracil, and thymine, and the 5 -monophosphates of adenosine, cytidine, thymidine, and uridine, have been listed along with values for analogous complexes of a wide range of other metal ions (700). Unfortunately comparisons are sometimes precluded by significant differences in experimental conditions.

Figure 7 Dependences of the size exclusion distribution coefficient, K, for the small globular protein hen egg white lysozyme versus the ionic strength, /, of the mobile phase for several notional size exclusion sorbents of different average pore diameter, particle size, and surface chemistry characteristics. The sorbents employed in these investigations were 1, Synchropak GPC 100 2, Waters I-125 3, Shodex OH Pak B-804 4, Lichrosorb Diol 5, Tosoh TSK SW 3000 and 6, Tosoh TSK SW 2000. The Interplay of hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic phenomena, superimposed upon the size exclusion effect due to the differences in the pore sizes of the support materials, is particularly evident with these sorbents at high- and low-ionic-strength conditions. (Data ad ed from Ref. 98.)...

---