Septum apical

Fig. 4. Preparation of the fixed heart for visceral examination. Cut 1 Ventral view Open the right ventricle along the septum in baso-apical direction going trough the aorta and the truncus pulmonalis (cross pulmonary valve) dorsal view open right ventricle near the septum from the heart apex towards the right atrium (through tricuspidal valve). Cut2 Ventral view Open the left ventricle along the septum from the heart apex into the left atrium (through bicuspidal valve) dorsal view cut the wall of left ventricle from the heart apex towards the left atrium.

Figure 3.31 Typical pattern of repolarisation (deep negative and rather symmetrical and narrow T wave) frequently seen in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of apical type. The absence of septal q wave is explained by the presence of septal fibrosis (CE-CMR) and the deep negative T wave by craniocaudal asymmetry of septum (Dumont, 2006). A tall R wave is usually seen from V2-V3 to V5-V6 without Q wave.

Figure 5.15 The ECG pattern of apical-anterior infarction (type A-2) with important anteroseptal extension as may be seen in this example but preserving the basal area of septum (D) and anterior wall (E). The lateral extension only involves the low part (D). The lack of involvement of segment 12 and lesser involvement of segment 7 are the...

Fig. 3 Vomeronasal system. Schematic representation of a rodent nasal cavity and brain (lateral view). Accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) mitral cells project to vomeronasal and extended amygdala. Inset The VNO is a bilateral tubular structure located at the base of the nasal septum. VSNs that express the same V1R or V2R converge on a small number of glomeruli in the AOB. Sensory neurons located in the apical layer of the epithelium project to the anterior part of the AOB, whereas those present in the basal layer project to the posterior part. MOE main olfactory epithelium, MOB main olfactory bulb, BSTMPM posteromedial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, MEA medial amygdaloid nucleus, BACfF bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract, PMCO posteromedial cortical amygdaloid area...

The hypertrophy seen in HCM usually is diffuse and involves the septum and LV anterolateral free wall to a greater degree than the posterior segment. Asymmetric septal hypertrophy is a sensitive marker for HCM but is not specific for this disorder. In patients with outflow obstruction, the basal septum usually is markedly thickened at the level of the mitral valve. In patients with nonobstructive HCM, the outflow tract is larger, and the septal hypertrophy that occurs has a more distal or apical distribution. 

Fig. 2 A, B. Comparison of the duplication cycle and morphology of A pre-divisional B post-divisional cells of A. m du/ans. A conidium (a) germinates and the first septum is formed at the basal end of the germ tube (b) when the germling has eight or more nuclei. Post-divisional cells are differentiated into subapical and apical tip cells (B). Apical cells contain many nuclei that are evenly spaced along the cell. Subapical cells contain three to four evenly spaced nuclei. Subapical cells can branch, and the branched cell grows like an apical cell. Apical and branched subapical cells have active nuclear cycles (filled circles) while nuclei in unbranched subapical cells are trapped in interphase (empty circles). (Revised from [37])...

Figure 2. Right vomeronasal organ in an eight week old human fetal specimen (x500). The coronal section is from the mid-point of the organ. Note the small central lumen (L) and the numerous rows of nuclei. Basal cells (B) are shown near the basement membrane and the columnar cells (C) are shown with apices at the lumen (cell nuclei are indicated). The identity of the cells with round nuclei between the basal and columnar cells was unclear (NS = nasal septum S = superior aspect of vomeronasal organ in cross-section M = medial aspect of the VNO).

A septum develops sub—apically across each progametangium to delimit the terminal multinucleate gametangia from the suspensor cells. The contact wall dissolves, allowing plasmogamy. The developing zygospore swells and forms a thick black warty wall. 

Symplicate zone. (E)-(G) Style. (G-H) Apical septum. (K)-(M) Transition between symplicate and synascidiate zone, with axile lateral placentae protruding into the locules and bearing many ovules. (M), (N) Synascidiate zone. (O) Below the ovary, five antepetalous depressions surrounded by nectariferous tissue. Scale bars = 1 mm. 

In the nasal cavity of the rat, the nonciliated columnar cells have an extensive accumulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the apical cytoplasm (Monteiro-Riviere and Popp 1984, Popp and Monteiro-Riviere 1985) which in some cases was so dense as to exclude other organelles such as mitochondria. The nonciliated columnar epitheUal cell was identified on the surfaces of the conchae and the lateral nasal wall but not identified on the septum. 

Ablation of ventricular tachycardia with complete cure is possible for idiopathic right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia, for idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia from the apical septum, for ventricular tachycardia due to Tetralogy of Fallot, and for bundle branch reentrant tachycardias. Ablation can be effective for ventricular tachycardia with other associated structural heart disease, but no evidence indicates that it will decrease the risk of death. 

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