Separation techniques macroscopic/microscopic properties

Several properties of surfaces have origins that are very sensitive to the surface, but are essentially macroscopic in character. Examples include adhesion, surface tension and the contact angle. Techniques to measure these properties are not discussed in this chapter, but rather are mentioned in connection with discussions of the property involved elsewhere in this book. However, surface properties can also be probed at a microscopic level for example the forces between surfaces at microscopic separations may be probed using the surface forces apparatus (SFA). The scanning force microscope... 

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