Sensitization advantages

Atomic fluorescence Light emitted by atoms excited by the absorption of light in a flame is measured Not a popular technique, but can offer sensitivity advantages... 

One can avoid overlap in the remote dimension if the carrier was moved away sufficiently from the spectral region of interest. In this case there will be no need for explicit quadrature detection neither in the direct, nor in the remote dimension, while pure phase character is still retained. Two-channel (e.g., quadrature) detection in the direct acquisition dimension offers, however, a sensitivity advantage of factor of /2 [23] with no extra cost in acquisition time, so it is worthwhile to retain. 

Typically a hundred times this exposure is needed to reduce the uncertainty to an acceptable level of <5%. In other words the minimum usable sensitivity for ion exposure of any resist when 0.1 pm edge definition is required is 10-6 C/cm2. This in effect removes the sensitivity advantage of ions over electrons because resists with a sensitivity of 10-6 C/cm2 are available for electrons. 

The methods for the direct measurement of tropospheric hydroxyl radical, HO, are reviewed, and the technical hurdles that remain to be surmounted are discussed in the light of theoretical and experimental results. Sensitivities, advantages, and disadvantages of several HO methods are compared, and a way to compare many of the existing HO methods experimentally is presented. 

Four UHV spectroscopies used for the compositional and chemical analysis of surfaces are discussed. These are X-ray Photoemission, Auger Spectroscopy, Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy, and Ion Scattering (both low and high energy). Descriptions of the basic processes and information contents are given, followed by a comparative discussion of the surface sensitivities, advantages and disadvantages of each spectroscopy. 

Ionization Method Ions Formed Sensitivity Advantage Disadvantage... 

In a mechanistic chemistry study, Freeman and Pugh121 employed the sensitivity advantage of a 3 mm micro-probe to acquire 13C spectra of small, 13C-labeled samples from a study of 4,4-diphenylchclohex-2,5-dienylidene involving rearrangement via an isobenzene pathway. In a paper actually published early in 1999, the... 

Work from the author s laboratory in 2000 first focused on the utilization HSQC-TOCSY data acquired using the sensitivity advantage of 3 mm probe technology as a facet of the assignment strategy for the severely congested spectra of polynuclear... 

The development of older heteronuclear 2 D N M R experiments relied on the detection of the heteronuclide, typically C. Quite early it was recognized that detection via a proton or other high sensitivity, high natural abundance nuclide, for example or offered a considerable sensitivity advantage [2,3]. There were, however, experimental challenges to overcome, specifically in the case of shift correlation... 

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