Self multifunctional ligands

Multifunctional ligands are able to link nanoparticles, for example in small assemblies like extended architectures. In early reports, Osifchin et al. and Brust et al. reported the self-assembly of alkyl-thiol capped gold nanoparticles using dithiol ligands [163, 164]. 

In 2004, Week and co-workers demonstrated that both mono- and multifunctional self-assembly could be employed simultaneously independently and reversibly on the same side-chain functionalized polymer [96]. A random terpolymer of poly(norbornene) was synthesized consisting of diaminopyridine (DAP) hydrogen-bonding receptors and a palladium-functionalized SCS-type pincer ligand for metal coordination-based self-assembly (Fig. 7.18). 

Scheme 1 Mesostructured MOFs self-assembled from metal ions and multifunctional organic ligands in the presence of surfactant micelles as supramolecular templates (Reproduced with permission from Ref 30. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 2008.)...

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