Self-consistent field method Slater determinant orbital function

Such a Slater determinant, as it is often called, would, in fact, be the correct wave function for a system of noninteracting electrons. Electrons, however, do interact in real molecular systems. In order to obtain a more satisfactory representation, the individual orbitals self-consistent field method, whose main features are as follows, (a) One writes the exact total Hamiltonian for the system with explicit inclusion of electron interactions... 

The Hartree-Fock or self-consistent field (SCF) method is a procedure for optimizing the orbital functions in the Slater determinant (9.1), so as to minimize the energy (9.4). SCF computations have been carried out for all the atoms of the periodic table, with predictions of total energies and ionization energies generally accurate in the 1-2% range. Fig. 9.2 shows the electronic radial distribution function in the argon atom, obtained from a Hartree-Fock computation. The shell structure of the electron cloud is readily apparent. 

The most uniformly successful family of methods begins with the simplest possible n-electron wavefunction satisfying the Pauli antisymmetry principle - a Slater determinant [2] of one-electron functions % r.to) called spinorbitals. Each spinorbital is a product of a molecular orbital xpt(r) and a spinfunction a(to) or P(co). The V /.(r) are found by the self-consistent-field (SCF) procedure introduced [3] into quantum chemistry by Hartree. The Hartree-Fock (HF) [4] and Kohn-Sham density functional (KS) [5,6] theories are both of this type, as are their many simplified variants [7-16],... 

The self-consistent field Hartree-Fock (HF) method is the foundation of AI quantum chemistry. In this simplest of approaches, the /-electron ground state function T fxj,. X/y) is approximated by a single Slater determinant built from antisymmetrized products of one-electron functions i/r (x) (molecular orbitals, MOs, X includes space, r, and spin, a, = 1/2 variables). MOs are orthonormal single electron wavefunctions commonly expressed as linear combinations of atom-centered basis functions ip as i/z (x) = c/ii /J(x). The MO expansion coefficients are... 

In general, a qualitatively correct description of the ground state of a closed-shell molecule is provided by a single Slater determinant. This is why semiempirical (one-determinant) self-consistent field (SCF) methods can be applied quite successfidly to the determination of ground-state properties such as geometries, vibrational frequencies, and relative energies. Many electronically excited states, however, contain more then one dominant configuration state function. The simplest description of an excited state is the orbital picture where one electron has been moved from an occupied to an... 

For a many-electron atom, the self-consistent-field (SCF) method is used to construct an approximate wave function as a Slater determinant of (one-electron) spin-orbitals. The one-electron spatial part of a spin-orbital is an atomic orbital (AO). We took each AO as a product of a spherical harmonic and a radial factor. As an initial approximation to the radial factors, we can use hydrogenlike radial functions with effective nuclear charges. 

The forerunner of Cl is the self-consistent field (SCF) method [1, 2]. A version that properly accounts for the antisymmetry of the electronic wave function was developed independently by Fock [3] and Slater [4] shortly after Schrodinger s papers. It is characterized by an approximate wave function that is a single determinant whose elements are one-electron functions (spin orbitals). The latter orbitals are optimized under two conditions minimization of the energy expectation value and mutual orthonormality. The method produces both the occupied orbitals appearing in the determinant but also a potentially infinite number of unoccupied functions that prove to be the basis for the Cl method. One can look upon a Slater determinant formed by substituting unoccupied for occupied one-electron functions as a representation of an excited state of the molecular system. The possible applications to spectroscopy were obvious. 

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