Segregated behavior

Similar behavior has also been observed for polymerizations of small amounts of various monomers in ordered LC phases (30). The rate of polymerization is enhanced considerably for a non-mesogenic diacrylate in the smectic C phase and is more than three times that observed in the isotropic phase of the same LC and over six times that observed for polymerization in an isotropic solvent. Similar results were observed for a variety of mesogenic and other non-mesogenic monomers (31). Interestingly, the mechanisms behind this rate enhancement is not the same for all monomers and is highly dependent on the segregation behavior. 

Mesoscale calculations, discussed for the membrane in Section 6.5.3, provide insights into segregation behavior, structural correlations, and d5mamical behavior of different phases in CLs. They contribute to furnishing relations among structure, transport properties, and reactivity. Compared to hydrated ionomer membranes (Section 6.5), structural complexity is more pronounced in CLs. 

One of the most important factors in determining whether powder will discharge reliably from bins or hoppers is establishing the flow pattern that will develop as powder is discharged. The flow pattern is also critical in understanding segregation behavior. 

Alloy stability is always of concern in heterogeneous catalysis, but in electrocatalysis there are new mechanisms for destabilizing alloys, namely electrochemical dissolution or corrosion. Greeley and Norskov developed an intuitive and simple thermodynamic framework for estimating the stability of alloy surfaces in electrochemical environments. " Their scheme is essentially an extension of an atomistic thermodynamic approach that uses chemical potentials to determine stability to one that uses electrochemical potentials to determine stability. They estimate the electrochemical potentials using total energies calculated within DFT and ideal solution behavior of the ions to consider concentration and pH effects. Within this formalism they are able to estimate the dissolution potential of metals in alloys. They further compared the trends in dissolution behavior to trends in segregation behavior and... 

The alloy constituent concentrations calculated in the FCEM approximation for the first three atomic layers of the Ni-8at%Al-4at%Cu(lll) surface are shown in Fig.4. A distinct surface phase transition characterized by a sharp jump in surface concentrations appears at 1075 K. Below this temperature the alloy surface is strongly A1 depleted and Cu rich, while at the transition A1 rises and Cu decreases, both reaching rather moderate segregation levels above it. The segregation behavior at all temperatures is indicative of site competition. 

As an example for a third class of equiatomic aluminides, calculations done for three fee Llo alloys are presented in Fig. 17. Again, the segregation behavior is governed mainly by the segregation/order interplay, as expressed by means of r (see Table 3). Only in VAl with relatively high r value (12.9), the segregation tendency prevails. 

In order to investigate the cocrystallization and phase segregation behaviors of the above-mentioned PE blend samples, we performed the experiments for both the isothermal and nonisothermal crystallizations. In the nonisothermal crystallization, the temperature is changed gradually and the WAXD, SAXS, or infrared spectra are collected as a function of temperature. In the isothermal crystallization, the... 

J. Koike, M. Mabuchi, and K. Higashi, "Partial Melting and Segregation Behavior in a... 

Sch2] Schiirmann, E., Voss, H.-J., Segregation Behavior of Alloying Elements in Fe-Cr-Ni Melt and with Additions of Molybdenum and Vanadium (in German), Arch. Eisenhiittenwes., 48, 129-132 (1977) (Experimental, Phase Diagram, Phase Relations, 4)... 

In all these cases is reported the importance of the end-chain on the superficial migration of the additive. On the contrary, diffusion of cyclic polymers having no chain ends would be of great interest in the study of polymer surface segregation. In 2006, Tanaka compared time evolution of isotopic interfaces in two bilayers films, one made of cyclic polystyrene (c-hPS/c-dPS) and the linear counterpart (1-ZiPS/l-dPS) [76]. He showed that interdiffusion of the cyclic macromolecules was faster than the linear polymers one. Therefore, it would be very interesting to examine the surface segregation behavior of a binary film composed of a cyclic additive in a linear matrix. 

Athenstaedt, W. and Leisch, M. (1996) The segregation behavior of a PtgoRhio alloy studied with a three dimensional atom-probe. Appl. Surf. Sci., 94—95, 403 08. 

Shibata, N., Oba, F., Yamamoto, T, and Ikuhara, Y. (2004) Structure, energy and solute segregation behavior of [110] symmetric tilt grain boimdaries in yttria-stabihzed cubic zirconia. Philos. Mag., 84 (23), 2381-2415. 

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