Sediment movement

France June 62 Riverbed silt and pebble Flow-rate Br 10-500 p.Ci/pebble  

Precipitation from solution by reduction with fomuddehyde or SnCb also by exchange with predeposited Ag for Au 

By wetting with aqueous radionuclide solution and subsequent heating to 5(XfC or by wetting with alcoholic solution, drying, and heating 

By precipitation through boiling radionuclide solution with cleaned sand, or precipitation by changing pH 

By fixing with glue (caseinet), or albumen, adding additional layers of glue for protection drying at 9(fC 

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Pearce, R.A., M.J. Trlica, W.C. Leininger, D.E. Mergen, and G. Frasier (1998). Sediment movement through riparian vegetation under simulated rainfall and overland flow. J. Range Manage., 51(3) 301-308. 

Middleton, GV., and Southward, J.B. (1984) The Mechanics of Sediment Movement. Society for Sedimentary Geology, Short Course No. 3, RI. Society for Sedimentary Geology, Tulsa, OK. 

The initiation of sediment movement depends on a supply of energy from raindrop impact, overland or river flow, or a mass movement of soil. Similarly, deposition occurs when sufficient energy is not available to maintain sediment particles in motion. The energy thresholds for initiation and cessation of sediment movement are not the same, being influenced differently by a range of conditions such as flow depth, velocity and turbulence, and sediment characteristics such as cohesion, particle shape and particle density. 

The anomalously high PAH concentration for the Hudson Canyon sample agrees with the similarly high alkane values obtained by Farrington and Tripp (26) for this site. They relate this anomaly to the accumulation of sediment transported in the channel and across the shelf break to this location (25). Sediment movement therefore can be an important mode of transport in some areas of the transect. Whether this mode is solely responsible for PAH found in the Abyssal Plain sediments is unknown. 

Spomer, R.G., McHenry, J.R., Piest, R.F., 1985. Sediment movement and deposition using cesium-137 tracer. Trans. ASAE 28, 767-772. 

Important contributions toward the solution of the problem of particle size as well as sedimentation, movement and coagulation of particular were made by Smoluchowski (1906), Svedberg (1906), Porin (1908), and Einstein (1908). 

Cacchione, D.A., and Southard, J.B. 1974. Incipient sediment movement by shoaling internal gravity waves. Journal of Geophysical Research, 70 2237-2242. 

The sediment zone consists of those portions of the structure that are exposed continuously or intermittently to the bottom sediments. The depth of this zone may vary due to natural sediment movement or to dredging. The sediments usually are characterized by a low oxygen content. In some cases, the conditions are anaerobic and hydrogen sulfide may be present. Cathodic protection can be effective in controlling corrosion of many metals in the sediment zone. 

First, the cross-shore variation of the degree of sediment movement is estimated using the critical Shields parameter which is taken as V c = 0.05. The instantaneous bottom shear stress is assumed to be given by = 0.5 pfbU with Ua given in Eq. (28.8). The sediment movement is assumed to occur when r exceeds the critical shear stress, pg s — l)dbo ipc- The probability P(, of sediment movement can be shown to be the same as the probability of (r — r ) > — F )... 

Makowski, Ye., and G. Grissener. 1967. Quantitative measurement of maritime sediment movement using radioactive tracers, pp. 181-189. In Isotopes in Hydrology. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna. Publ. No. STI/PUB/141. (in Russian with English summary.)... 

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