Secondary hemostasis

Primary hemostasis is the first phase of hemostasis consisting of platelet plug formation at the site of injury. It occurs within seconds and stops blood loss from capillaries, arterioles, and venules. Secondary hemostasis, in contrast, requires several minutes to be complete and involves the formation of fibrin through the coagulation cascade. 

Stages of hemostasis (a) vasoconstriction, (b) primary hemostasis, (c) secondary hemostasis, and (d) thrombus and antithrombotic events. Source Adapted from Reference 26. 

Introduction. Cell deposition on various surfaces plays an important part in the initiation of many biological processes, such as hemostasis, thrombosis and growth of secondary tumors. It consists of two main stages (a) the conveyance of cells to the vicinity of the interacting surface, and (b) the adhesion of cells to this surface. In most of the biological systems, the main field which conveys the cells to the surface is a flow field. However, for experimental studies of the process of adhesion per se, it is convenient to use a stagnant solution in which cells are conveyed to the surface by gravity (Weiss and Harlos, 1972) or by a... 

The clinical presentation of these two types of priapism is different. HFP is often seen after an acute injury, and the onset can be delayed. This delayed onset may be due to initial vessel spasm, hemostasis with clot formation or a compressing hematoma. Reabsorption of this clot or hematoma is the mechanism for the late onset. The HFP is often less tumescent when compared with venous priapism. Priapism secondary to arterial causes maybe, as mentioned before, significantly less painful than venous priapism and is not considered as an emergency. The major etiology of HFP is trauma, especially in children or young adults in older men, HFP is a rare event mainly caused by malignancy [2]. High-flow priapism in acute lymphatic leukaemia has also been reported [3]. 

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