Secondary carriers

FIGURE 16.15 Spectral content of the iBiquity all-digital IBOC DAB system intended for use in the present FM broadcast band allocation. The injection level of the secondary carriers is variable, depending on carrier loading. Source Hammett Edison, Inc., Consulting Engineers.)... 

Practically the partial pressure of water at temperatures above 100 °C can be controlled by pumping water into an evaporator and converge the steam with a secondary carrier gas [55]. The partial pressure of water in the obtained gas mixture can be adjusted by controlling the pumping rate of liquid water and the flow rate of the carrier gas. Due to the large volume expansion of water the pumping rate has to be delicately controlled at very low values and free from pulses. 

Lactic Acid Bacteria Comparative Genomic Anaiyses of Transport Systems 61 Table 4.4. Summary of functionally characterized secondary carriers in LAB. 

Table 4.11. Distribution of eight famiiies of secondary carriers specific for inorganic divalent cations in five groups of organisms. Aii vaiues are expressed as the average numbers of transporters in each family divided by...

Most LAB have more secondary carriers than ATP-dependent, primary active transporters. However, in some LAB (e.g. Lact. delbrueckii and Strep, thermophilus), the situation is the reverse (Lorca et al. 2007). These observations must reflect the environmental niches and evolutionary histories that these organisms have experienced. They probably also reflect the environments these organisms prefer to inhabit today. 

Hvomp, R.N. and Saier, M.H., Jr. (2002) Sequence similarity between the channel-forming domains of voltage-gated ion channel proteins and the C-terminal domains of secondary carriers of the major facilitator superfamily. Microbiology 148,3760-3762. 

Yen, M.R., Chen, J.S., Marquez, J.L., et al. (2010) Multidrug resistance phylogenetic characterization of superfamiUes of secondary carriers that include drug exporters. Methods Mol Biol 637, 47-64. 

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