Secondary bridges

The rules for identifying the main ring, the main bridge and the secondary bridges and for numbering the structure are complex (see lUPAC Blue Book Rules A-31 and A-32 B-79MI10200)) and not always easy to apply this probably accounts for the appearance of many incorrect von Baeyer names in the literature. 

The location of the other or so-called secondary bridges is shown by superscripts following the number indicating the number of carbon atoms in the said bridges. 

Figure 10.5 shows a vibrating string system with a discontinuous nonlinear interaction. As the string vibrates, it chatters against the secondary bridge... 

G. Riicker and C. Riicker. Nomenclature of organic polycycles out of the computer - Howto escape the jungle of the secondary bridges. Chimia, 44 116-120,1990. 

The water in many circuits often has sufficient natural levels of cations, especially multivalent ions of calcium and magnesium, to destabilise the repulsive surface charge on the finer sized particles to allow natural aggregation, suitable for secondary bridging flocculation. Where this is not the case, the application of inorganic or organic coagulants is employed. 

The chemical attributes of adhesion cover a much more subtle and wider range of interactions described as primary or secondary bridging. Primary bridging can result from direct chemical reaction between the adhesive and adherend, while secondary bridging relates to the residual electrical forces which surround the respective molecules. It is assumed that these fundamental energy relationships and their association with the wetting phenomena have been covered in the earlier chapters of this book. It should suffice to state that better wetting of the adherend by the adhesive correlates directly with superior durability of bonded structures in the actual service environments. 

Figure 6.39 An example of a compound that has a secondary bridge is found in tricy-...

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