Seasonal variations spawning

The natural spawning periodicity of A. japonicus remains poorly understood. However, it seems to spawn between March and August, with variations among locations (Ito and Kitamura, 1998 Xiyin et al., 2004). FuUy mature broodstock will spawn naturally in the tanks between 1900 h and 2000 h. Moreover, some laboratories in China are keeping individuals out-of-phase temperature-wise to stimulate spawning outside the normal season (Xilin, 2004). I. fuscus spawns mainly in the fall in Mexico and every month closer to the equator (Mercier et al., 2004). Gametes are released between sunset and 2100 h, a few days after the new moon (Mercier et al., 2007). 

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