Universal screening length

Fig. 2.2. The reduced screening functions of (2.15). This screening function is identified as Xu, a universal screening function, with its argument, x, being defined as x = rlav, where av is the universal screening length given in (2.17) (Ziegler et al. 1985).

To satisfy the criterion of universality, the screening length should depend only on the concentration of the solution and be independent of molecular weight. The screening length can be expressed as a scaling relationship ... 

The screening and testing procedures were also criticized by Dr. Solomon Garb, a professor of pharmacology at the University of Missouri School of Medicine. His criticisms were presented at considerable length. 

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