Electromagnetic scattering

X-ray diffraction. The mechanism by which atoms diffract or scatter electromagnetic radiation via the coupling of the electron cloud of the atom to the incident oscillating electric field was discussed in the section on SERS. The X-rays scattered by an atom are the resultant of the waves... 

A dispersive phenomenon occurring when the wavelength of scattered electromagnetic radiation in the mid-infrared spectral region is shifted relative to that of the incident beam of exciting radiation. Spectral excitation is typically measured at a nonabsorbing wavelength, and the Raman effect occurs when the polarizabihty of a bond varies with the internuclear distance, as specified by the equation ... 

We may also expand the scattered electromagnetic field (E5,H5) and the field (E H,) inside the sphere in vector spherical harmonics. At the boundary between the sphere and the surrounding medium we impose the conditions (3.7) ... 

At temperatures above absolute zero, particles can emit as well as absorb and scatter electromagnetic radiation. Emission does not strictly fall within the bounds imposed in the first chapter it is more akin to such phenomena as luminescence than to elastic scattering. However, because of the relation between emission and absorption, and because emission can be an important cooling mechanism for particles, it seems appropriate to discuss, at least briefly, thermal emission by a sphere. 

The remote sounding of land covers is based on recording the properties of reflected and scattered electromagnetic radiation. Such a possibility to obtain information about land cover properties is connected here with the facts that the character of proper (thermal) radiation, and the mechanisms of scattering and reflection are closely connected with the physical and geometrical properties of the surface, inadequate knowledge of which can also lead to erroneous conclusions and, hence, is a source of controversy in the information space. 

For isotropic spherical particles of given refractive index in a medium of known refractive index, the exact form of C can be found by matching the incident, internal and scattered electromagnetic waves at the particle surface, subject to certain boundary conditions7. The solution comes in the form of an infii te series ... 

Pq is the polarization factor, i.e. it is a multiplier, which accounts for a partial polarization of the scattered electromagnetic wave (see the footnote and Thomson s equation in section 2.5.1). 

The total (incident plus scattering) electromagnetic field can be written as [15] ... 

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