Sapota

The latex of the Sapota achras yields a thermoplastic material, chicle, consisting of about 17.4% hydrocarbon, 40% acetone soluble resin and 35% occluded water. The hydrocarbon appears to contain both trans- and c/s-polyisoprene. Although originally introduced as gutta pereha and natural rubber substitutes, deresinated chicle has become important as the base for chewing gum. Like other polyisoprenes, it is meeting competition from synthetic polymers. 

Ma and others (2004) isolated and identified seven phenolic compounds in Poute-ria campechiana, P. sapota, and P. viridis, namely, gallic acid, (+)-gallocatechin,... 

Amino acid Tucuma Avocado Dried Date Mamey Sapota Longan Peach Orange Mango... 

Certain crops require a special climate and soil. Plants native to the American tropical rain forest give coca (Erythroxylum cocoa), avocado (Persea americana), the American counterpart of the mango (Spondias mombin), guava (Psidium guqjava), papaya (Carica papaya), the Brazilian nut (Bertholletia excelsa), and chewing-gum (latex om Achras sapota). 

The tissue distributions of [l- C]- and [2,3- 4C]aciy lonitrile (40 mg/kg) were compared in Wistar rats after intraperitoneal and oral administration (Sapota, 1982). The relative distributions of the two labelled forms were very similar and the principal locations of C were erythrocytes, liver and kidney. After oral administration, the rate of elimination from tissues was slower for [cyano- C -than for [l,2-vz v/- 4C]acrylonitrile. After gavage administration of 46 mg/kg bw [2-i4C]acrylonitrile to Fischer 344 rats, radioactivity was well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed to all major tissues 24 h after dosing. The highest levels were found in the forestomach, blood and urinary bladder. Prior treatment of rats with phenobarbital had little effect on the pattern of distribution and excretion of 4C, but the CYP inhibitor SKF-525A caused marked changes, with less excretion (less than 40% in urine in 24 h compared with over 60% in... 

Urinary metabolites of acrylonitrile include 5 -(2-cyanoethyl)mercapturic acid, N-acet T-3-carboxy-5-cyanotctrahydro-I,4-3//-thiazine and thiocyanate (Kopecky et al., 1979 Langvardt et al., 1980 Gut c/ al., 1981 Sapota, 1982). The proportion excreted as thiocyanate by rats is far higher (23% of dose) after oral dosing than after intraperitoneal, intravenous or subcutaneous administration (1-4% of dose Gut et al., 1981). Other metabolites derived from the mercapturic acid pathway include. S -carboxymethylcys-teine,. S -hydroxyethylmercapturic acid [jV-acetyl-5 -(2-hydroxyethyl)cysteine] and thiodi-glycolic acid (Muller et al., 1987). 

Sapota, A. (1988) The disposition of [2,3-iC]methyl and [2,3- C]-2-ethyIhexyl acrylate in male Wistar albino rats. Arch. Toxicol., 62, 181-184... 

Sapota, A. (1993) The disposition and metabolism of methyl acrylate in male Wistar albino rats. Pol. J. occup. Med. environ. Health, 6, 185-193... 

Kilanowicz A, Czerski B, Sapota A. 1999. The disposition and metabolism of naphthalene in rats. IntJ Occup Med Environ Health 12(3) 209-219. 

Sapotilla, Chico (Achras sapota) is the fruit of the chicle tree, the source of the natural chewing gum base. The fruit has a very sweet taste with a pear-like, soft structure. The flavour is reminiscent of a mixture of pear with hazelnut. 

Casini, M., Cardinale, M., Hjelm, J., 2006. Inter-annual variation in herring, Clupea harengus, and sprat, Sprattus sprattus, condition in the central Baltic Sea what gives the tune Oikos, 112, 638-650. Corkum, L. D., Sapota, M. R., Skora, K.E., 2004. The round goby, Neogobius melanostomus, a fish... 

Chide. The partially evaporated, milky juice from Manilkara zapatiBa (Jaoq.) Gilly (Achras sapota LJ. Sapota-ceae. Habit. West Indies, Mexico and Central America. 

Usually, either the Z- or 5-isomer, but not both, is produced in any species with the major exception of chicle Achras sapota, Sapotaceae). Rubber occurs in the form of latex as minute particles which are accumulated in specialized cells or in vessels known as laticifers. 

Chicle, a mixture of Z- and -isomers of polyisoprene is isolated from Manilkara Achras) sapota (Sapotaceae). The biosynthesis of this material does not appear to have been examined. There is little doubt that there are two stereospecific enzyme systems metabolizing IPP in chicle latex, one producing rubber (2) and the other yielding gutta (Chari-wood and Banthorpe, 1978). Chicle is one of the few known examples where a mixture of the two structures occurs (Archer and Audley, 1973). Chicle, which is commonly used in chewing gum, has been partially replaced by synthetic substitutes (Loomis and Croteau, 1980). 

CijHpOn 342.299 Obt. industrially from whey. Occurs in mammalian milk (human 6-7%, cow 4-5%), fruits of Achras sapota, and a few other plants. V. inexpensive starting material for synthesis. Common excipient for tablets. Nutrient, sweetener, food blending agent. 

Occurs in acorns of Quercus spp. oak barks, leaves of Chamaerops humilis, seeds of Mimusops elengi and Achras sapota. Prisms (H2O). 

Pouteria sapota (family Sapotaceae) This originated in Central America but is now cultivated over a wider region. Fruits are sweet and usually used for preserves, jams and also in making sherbets. 

From the latex of Achras sapota, a mixture of cis- and tram-polyisoprene plus polysaccharides. 

Dutton G G S, Kabir S 1973 Structural studies of sapote (Sapota achras) gum. Carbohyd Res 28 187-200... 

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