Sand-to-liquid metal ratios

Excessive amounts of sand in the moulding system results in urmecessary capital and operating costs. A lower sand-to-liquid metal ratio will reduce the total volume of sand in the system and, therefore, reduee the eonsumption of new materials. 

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Figure 3.8 Green sand-to-liquid metal ratios in iron foundries [73, ETSU, 1995]...

Figure 3.9 shows the distribution of total mixed sand-to-liquid metal ratios for green sand in the copper sector, where the average sand-to-liquid metal ratio was about 4 1. The reason this value is lower than that for the iron sector is largely because most copper foundries are product... 

Data for chemically-bonded sand-to-liquid metal ratios for various metal types are given in Figure 3.10. 

Redox activity Activity pertaining to the gain or loss of electrons Refractive index Ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to that in a medium Refractoriness Ability of a dry sand core or mould to withstand the hot liquid metal temperatures... 

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