Sand compaction piles closed end casing

The maximum improvement depth of the sand compaction pile technique is reported to be 70 m (Kitazume, 2005). 

Sand compaction piles can be constructed both on land and over water to improve the properties of soft subsoils. In reclamation projects, sand compaction piles are often used along the boundaries of fill areas to ensure stability of the slopes. 

High area replacement ratios generally cause heave of the ground in the immediate vicinity of the sand compaction piles. 

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Sand compaction piles (closed end casing) 7.6.5 Geotextile encased columns 7.6.6 Dynamic replacement ... 

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