Ruthenium permanent modifier

Figure 8.33 Determination of lead in BCR 186 Pig Kidney reference material using ruthenium permanent modifier Tpyr = 500 °C Tat = 1900 °C (a) absorbance over time and wavelength in the vicinity of the lead resonance fine at 217.001 nm ...

Silva et al. [131] investigated the determination of lead in soil and sediment slurries with ruthenium permanent modifier using LS AAS and HR-CS AAS, and comparing the analytical lines at 217.001 nm and 283.306 nm. It is well known that the former line provides about two-times higher sensitivity, but it is rarely used in conventional LS AAS because of its inferior SNR, its shorter linear working range, and its higher susceptibility... 

M. H. Canuto, H. G. Luna Siebald, G. Magela de Lima, J. B. Borda Silva, Antimony and chromium determination in Brazilian sugar cane spirit, cachaca, by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using matrix matching calibration and ruthenium as permanent modifier, J. Anal. Atom Spectrom., 18 (2003), 1404-1406. 

Welz et al. [151] investigated in detail the determination of thallium in marine sediment reference materials, a particularly complex topic, because of the volatility of TlCl, and the various spectral interferences that could be observed in the vicinity of the T1 line (refer to Section 8.2.1). The authors had previously investigated this using direct analysis of solid samples and Zeeman-effect BC [142], however they only succeeded in obtaining reliable results when ruthenium was used as permanent modifier, and a solution of ammonium nitrate was pipetted on top of the solid sample as an additional modifier. Method development turned out to be much easier in HR-CS AAS, and the spectral interference due to the sulfur content of the sediments could be completely removed using least-squares BC (refer to Section 8.2.1). 

Figure 8.39 Time-resolved absorbance spectrum obtained for 0.1 mg MESS-1 Marine Sediment reference material in the vicinity of the thallium absorption line at 276.787 nm (a) in 5 % v/v HNO3 (b) in the presence of ruthenium as permanent modifier...

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