Ruthenium energy

Vectorial transfer of electronic energy in rod-like ruthenium-osmium complexes with bis-2,2, 2"-terpyridine ligands 97CC333. 

Fuel cells essentially reverse the electrolytic process. Two separated platinum electrodes immersed in an electrolyte generate a voltage when hydrogen is passed over one and oxygen over the other (forming H30+ and OH-, respectively). Ruthenium complexes are used as catalysts for the electrolytic breakdown of water using solar energy (section 1.8.1). 

Figure 7.8. The compensation effect in the desorption ofAg from a ruthenium surface activation energy and pre-exponential factor depend in the same way on coverage. The...

The bond dissociation energy of fluoromethane is 115 kcal mol , which is much higher than the other halides (C-Cl, C-Br and C-1, respectively 84, 72 and 58 kcal mol ) [6], Due to its strength, the carbon-fluorine (C-F) bond is one of the most challenging bonds to activate [7], A variety of C-F bond activation reactions have been carried out with different organometallic complexes [8], Among them, nickel [9] and ruthenium complexes have proven to proceed selectively under mild conditions [10],... 

Potzel et al. [Ill] have established recoil-free nuclear resonance in another ruthenium nuclide, ° Ru. This isotope, however, is much less profitable than Ru for ruthenium chemistry because of the very small resonance effect as a consequence of the high transition energy (127.2 keV) and the much broader line width (about 30 times broader than the Ru line). The relevant nuclear properties of both ruthenium isotopes are listed in Table 7.1 (end of the book). The decay... 

Fig. 5.2. Summary energy diagram for enantioselective ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogenation of a-acetamidoacrylate esters. Reproduced from J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 6649 (2002), by permission of the American Chemical Society.

A dye which shows particular promise for this application is the octahedral ruthenium(n) complex of 2,2 -bipyridyl (234). While this type of system appears to offer considerable potential as a means of solar energy conversion, the efficiency of the technology, at its current state of development, is significantly lower than that of traditional silicon photocells. 

Fig. 3. Vibrational population distributions of N2 formed in associative desorption of N-atoms from ruthenium, (a) Predictions of a classical trajectory based theory adhering to the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, (b) Predictions of a molecular dynamics with electron friction theory taking into account interactions of the reacting molecule with the electron bath, (c) Born—Oppenheimer potential energy surface, (d) Experimentally-observed distribution. The qualitative failure of the electronically adiabatic approach provides some of the best available evidence that chemical reactions at metal surfaces are subject to strong electronically nonadiabatic influences. (See Refs. 44 and 45.)...

Ruthenium like iridium is known for its ability of adopting various valence states which make these elements rather attractive in catalysis. Kim and Winograd [52] were the first who studied the chemical in XPS of different Ru compounds. The results of their extensive work still serve as reference for today s investigators. Kim and Winograd have identified binding energies of Ru-oxygen species (Table 1). 

---