Russula subnigricans

Several chlorinated hydroquinone derivatives with cytotoxic activity have been isolated from the toxic mushroom Russula subnigricans, russuphelins A-D (33-36) and the tetramer russuphelol (37), the latter... 

The toxic mushroom Russula subnigricans produces the novel polychlorinated phenyl ethers, russuphelins A-F (1928-1933), some of which (B, C, D) exhibit cytotoxicity against P388 leukemia cells (1672, 1800). Further study of this mushroom uncovered the presence of the optically active russuphelol (1934) (1801). The terrestrial cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua has afforded ambigol C (1935) (1654), which is an isomer of the previously described ambigols A and B (1). 

Takahashi A, Agatsuma T, Ohta T, Nunozawa T, Endo T, Nozoe S (1993) Russuphelins B, C, D, E and F, New Cytotoxic Substances from the Mushroom Russula subnigricans HONGO. Chem Pharm Bull 41 1726... 

Ohta T, Takahashi A, Matsuda M, Kamo S, Agatsuma T, Endo T, Nozoe S (1995) Russuphelol, a Novel Optically Active Chlorohydroquinone Tetramer from the Mushroom Russula subnigricans. Tetrahedron Lett 36 5223... 

Lycoperdon species (Puffballs) CUtocybe species Tricholoma equestre Russula subnigricans... 

We have isolated the small, highly strained carboxylic acid cyclopro )>2>ene carboxylic acid from the Asian toxic mushroom Russula subnigricans. This compound is responsible for fatal rhabdomyolysis, a new type of mushroom poisoning that is indicated by an increase in serum creatine phosphokinase activity in mice. We found that polymerization of the compound at high concentrations via ene reaction abolishes its toxicity. 

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