Rotation experiments illustration

To illustrate the information that can be distracted from the neutron diffraction and muon spin rotation experiments, experimental data from both techniques are combined in fig. 10 for the compound U(Pto.99Pdo.oi)3- The lowest temperature data of the neutron diffraction results [20] extrapolate to... 

For example, the COSY experiment illustrated in Fig. 10.2 can be repeated with the first pulse applied in the same direction but with Bj for the second pulse applied along y, rather than x. M is then rotated into the y z plane, where its projection along y, M sin O.,, is detected. The signals for the two experiments are, then,... 

General agreement is obtained between theory and computer experiments. Translational and rotational dynamics, as monitored via computer experiments, are characterized by negative and positive i functions, respectively. Theory then predicts that excitation produces decays faster and slower than the corresponding equilibrium correlatim fimctions. This is completely supported by the excitation experiments illustrated in this chapter. 

Polarization-transfer experiments which are based on a resonance condition, i.e. where a variable quantity in the experiment is matched to a parameter of the investigated spin system, can be carried out as a transient experiment or as an adiabatic experiment Figure 11.5 illustrates the differences between these two types of experiments. In a transient or sudden" experiment, the density operator is prepared in a state orthogonal to the effective polarization-transfer Hamiltonian (Fig. 11.5a). When the polarization-transfer Hamiltonian is switched on, the density operator starts precessing around the effective Hamiltonian, and usually maximum polarization transfer is reached after a 180° rotation. Since often the size of the effective Hamiltonian at the matching condition depends on... 

In the paddle method, bulk Reynolds numbers range from Re = 2292 (25 rpm, 900 mL) up to Re = 31025 (200 rpm, 500 mL). In contrast, Reynolds numbers employing the basket apparatus range from Re = 231 to Re = 4541. These Reynolds numbers are derived from dissolution experiments in which oxygen was the solute [(10), Chapter 13.4.8] and illustrate that turbulent flow patterns may occur within the bulk medium, namely for flow close to the liquid surface of the dissolution medium. The numbers are valid provided that the whole liquid surface rotates. According to Levich (9), the onset of turbulent bulk flow under these conditions can then be assumed at Re 1500. 

The mechanism is illustrated in Figure 13.9. Nucleophilic attack leads to rotation and formation of the 7t-alkene complex. The left-hand structure will undergo a counter clockwise rotation and experience large steric hindrance. The clockwise rotation on the right leads to a much more favourable situation. 

To illustrate the compaction process that occurs in an extruder, a Maddock solidification [1] experiment (described in detail in Section 10.3.1) was performed using a 63.5 mm diameter machine [2]. The extruder was operated at a screw speed of 60 rpm with a poly(vinylidene chloride) copolymer (PVDC) powder. After the extruder reached a steady-state operation, screw rotation was stopped and full cooling was applied to the extruder. After several hours of cooling, the screw and PVDC resin were removed from the extruder and the density of the bed was measured using Archimedes s principle. The compaction phenomenon in the extruder is shown by the density measurements of the solid bed in Fig. 4.1. As shown in this figure, the density of the solid bed increased from the feedstock bulk density of 0.73 g/cm to nearly the solid density of 1.7 g/cmT... 

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