Rotating disk electrode smooth surface

The flow of solution can be maintained by centrifugal and peristaltic pumps that are placed outside the cell [62], Homemade micro-pumps with a rotating smooth-disk impeller and nozzle, or with a vibrating conically perforated disk, are situated in the cell, closely below the working electrode [67]. The most favorable relationship between the average distance S and the flow rate of the solution is found in the wall-jet systems in which a flux of the solution induced by a centrifugal pump is directed perpendicularly to the surface of a stationary disk electrode. In these systems, the current is linearly proportional to the flow rate of the solution [68],... 

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