Role in petroleum refining

Besides the aforementioned conventional applications, there are many other HDT technologies that have emerged in the changing environment of the oil industry. The majority of these are focused on the upgrading of the heaviest feedstocks. The atmospheric residue/vacuum residue desulfurization processes (RDS/VRDS), which have been developed to meet a variety of objectives such as preparing feed for FCC, residue FCC, coker, and residue HCR, are cases in point [14, 15]. 

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Since the first synthesis of ammonia, catalyst development and chemical reaction engineering have been instrumental in the creation of the chemical process industry. As a result, catalytic processes have contributed much to the realization of prosperous civilizaticm. In the future, catalytic processes are expected to fulfill important roles in petroleum refining, diemical processing and environmental preservation. However, at present, many catalytic processes discharge large amounts of byproducts and consume large amounts of auxiliary raw materials. 

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