Ripplons Thermal waves

Capillary waves occur spontaneously at liquid surfaces or liquid liquid interfaces due to thermal fluctuations of the bulk phases. These waves have been known as surface tension waves, ripples, or ripplons for the last century, and Lamb described their properties in his book Hydrodynamics in 1932 [10]. Before that, William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) mentioned these waves in some of his many writings. 

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