Rigidity caused

Along with the attraction of the hydrogen bond, the fact that these strong bonds separate the water molecules rigidly causes the solid density to be less than that of the liquid. In ice only 34% of the volume is occupied by water molecules, in contrast to 37% volume occupation in liquid water this explains the unusual property of a decrease in density on freezing, accounting for the fact that ice floats. 

Choquet D, Felsenfeld d P, Sheetz MP (1997) Extracellular matrix rigidity causes strengthening of integrin-cytoskeleton linkages. Cell 88(l) 39-48... 

The two molecules shown above are cA-l,2-dichloroethene and /ra ,s-l.2-diclilorocthcnc. These two molecules are geometrical isomers because the two carbon atoms cannot be rotated relative to each other, due to the rigidity caused by the pi bond between them. Therefore, they are not superimposeable - they are not identical, and cannot take each other s place. Cis/trans isomers have different chemical and physical properties and can exhibit dramatically different biological activity. 

The rheological consequences of these changes can be predicted from a model system. The emulsion model indicates that making the interface more rigid causes the intrinsic viscosity of the emulsion to increase (see Eq 7.50). Similarly, an increase of the apparent volume of the dispersed phase causes the relative viscosity to increase (see Eqs 7.24-7.25). Furthermore, enhanced interactions between the phases will reduce the possibility of the interlayer slip, and increase formation of associative network formation, which may result in the yield stress. In short, compatibilization is expected to increase melt viscosity, elasticity and the yield stress. 

Catatonic rigidity caused by functional thought disorder. 

The simple [2.2.2] system 4a probably shows optimum separation between the metal cation and the anion In an effort to achieve a more efficient separation, perhydrotribenzo[2.2.2]cryptand (2.2.2, PHTB) 5 was used. Anyway the second-order rate constants obtained were nearly the same as found for 4b the three cyclohexane rings only make the system more rigid, causing a drastic decrease of the complexation constants (Table 11)... 

The impact of unsaturation stems from the increase in rigidity caused by the presence of one or more double bonds to the alkyl chain. Although studies so far show that unsaturation has a relatively low impact on water solubility and viscosity, it has been reported to lower melting points by about 5-10°C [16]. Studies also show (Fig. 20) that unsaturation affects surface properties. Gibbs plots of 14.5-mole ethoxylates produced from hydrogenated and nonhydrogenated Cig is methyl ester show that unsaturation appears to increase surface tension below the CMC. This suggests that unsaturation reduces the hydrophobic character of the methyl ester chain. 

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