Richardson propagation

Packer and Richardson (1975) and Packer et al. (1980) made use of the fact that electrons can be generated in water by y-radiation from a 60Co source (Scheme 8-29) to induce a free radical chain reaction between diazonium ions and alcohols, aldehydes, or formate ion. It has to be emphasized that the radiolytically formed solvated electron in Scheme 8-29 is only a part of the initiation steps (Scheme 8-30) by which an aryl radical is formed. The aryl radical initiates the propagation steps shown in Scheme 8-31. Here the alcohol, aldehyde, or formate ion (RH2) is the reducing agent (i.e., the electron donor) for the main reaction. The process is a hydro-de-diazoniation. 

More recently, Richardson et al. (1977) have used phosphate-supplemented fresh whey as a medium to propagate lactic starter cultures. The pH of the medium is maintained at 6.0 to 6.3 through addition of ammonia. Use of this medium results in a starter culture with superior activity. 

Friedmann, F. Jensen, J.A. Some Factors Influencing the Formation and Propagation of Foams in Porous Media in Proc. 56th. SPE Calif. Regional Meeting, Society of Petroleum Engineers Richardson, TX, 1986, paper SPE 15087. 

Sydansk, R.D., Polymer-Enhanced Foam Propagation Through High-Permeability Sandpacks Proceedings, Intemat. Symp. Oilfield Chem., Society of Petroleum Engineers Richardson, TX, 1993, SPE paper 25175. 

With an increase in fluid density, the Reynolds number increases and the Richardson-Zaki index (m) decreases. This results in a decrease in the voidage propagation velocity (RHS) and brings in more stability to the system. 

Lin, S.-C., Richardson, J. T., Luss, D YBa2Cu306+x synthesis using vertical self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. Phys. C, 233,281 (1994). 

Rice, R. W, Richardson, G. Y., Kunetz, J. M., Schroeter, T., and McDonough, W. J., Effects of self-propagating synthesis reactant compact character on ignition, propagation and microstructure. Adv. Ceramic Mater., 2,222 (1987). 

Other possibilities can be proposed to explain the nature of the slow state of an active polymerization center, which can be different for different catalytic systems, monomers, and experimental conditions. For instance, Richardson assumes an ion-pairing equilibrium between a metal—methyl cationic species and the counterion, which is in competition with initiation, but of course not with propagation. This assumption seems questionable especially for the common case of prevailing chain termination by /3-hydrogen transfer to the monomer. In fact, in the latter case, an alkyl group with at least two carbon atoms (hence a steric requirement similar to that of the growing chain) is already coordinated to the metal center at the initiation step. 

Fendrik and Glubrecht (265) have used a stable isotope activation method to investigate the propagation of plant pollen. Gage, Richardson and Bouchey (307) are among the first experimenters to use indicator... 

Wavelength - leg(k)th (1850) n. Distance between two successive points of a periodic wave in the direction of propagation in which the oscillation has the same phase designated as 1 in spectrophotometry. It is usually measured in nanometers or, formerly, in Angstrom units (Inm = 10A). Giambattista A, Richardson RC, Richardson B (2003) College physics. McGraw-Hill Science, New York. Saleh BEA, Teich MC (1991) Fundamentals of photonics. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 

Rattay R, Richardson NL, FeUx H (2001) A model of the electrically excited cochlear neuron. I. Contribution of neural substructures to the generation and propagation of spikes. Hear Res 153 43-63. 

RW Rice, WJ McDonough, GY Richardson, JM Kunetz, T Schroeter. Hot rolling of ceramics using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. Ceram Eng Sci Proc 7 751, 1986. 

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