Reversible and Irreversible Processes Generalities

This section summarizes some general characteristics of processes in closed systems. Some of these statements will be needed to develop aspects of the second law in Chap. 4. 

Tharmodynamlcs and Chemistry, second edition, version 3 2011 by Howard DeVoe. Latest version miw. chem.umd.edu/themobook 

Linear mechanical work dw = T j dx = x-component of force exerted by surroundings dx = displacement in x direction 

Shaft work dw = Tbdi Tb = internal torque at boundary = angle of rotation 

Expansion work dw = -PbdV Pb = average pressure at moving boundary 

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