Reversible addition-fragment composites

The living radical polymerization (LRP) approach was first introduced in the 1980s. LRP is a type of polymerization in which a chain can only propagate and not undergo irreversible termination or chain transfer. Hence, LRP is an ideal system to produce monodisperse polymers of known molecular weights, architectures and compositions. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT), atom transfer radical... 

Various synthetic techniques have been used to obtain homopolymers and copolymers with defined chemical compositions and low polydispersity (1) living anionic or cationic polymerization [26,27], (2) controlled ring-opening polymerization (CROP) [28], and (3) controlled radical polymerization (CRP), which includes (a) atom transfer radical polymerization, (b) reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT), and (c) nitroxide mediated radical polymerization (NMP) [29-31]. 

A major application is the synthesis of high molecular weight water-soluble polymers (e.g., polymers and copolymers of acrylamide, acrylic acid, and its salts) for flocculants and tertiary oil recovery. Other uses are the synthesis of polyaniline/CdSe quantum dots composites [49], hybrid polyaniline/carbon nanotube nanocomposites [50], polyani-line-montmorillonite nanocomposites [51], or in reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer-controlled radical polymerization (RAFT) [52]. 

Figure 22.11 Structure of OEGMA-DMAEMA copolymers (left) and their cloud points as function of pH value and monomer composition (right) determined at 0.5 wt% polymer concentration. (Reprinted with permission from D. Fournier, R. Hoogenboom, H.M.L. Thijs et al., Tunable pH- and temperature-sensitive copolymer libraries by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer copolymerizations of methacrylates, Macromolecules, 40, 4, 915-920, 2007. 2007 American Chemical Society.)...

To simplify the detection of this translocation it is recommended to run out the reaction as multiplex PGR where each reaction includes four foreword primers in addition to the reverse primer. Size of generated DNA fragment depends on location of breakpoints and exon composition, ranging between 100 bp and 400 bp). 

---