Retraction method

Shafrin, E.G. and Zisman, W.A. "Constitutive Relations in the Wetting of Low-Energy Surfaces and the Theory of the Retraction Method of Preparing Monolayers," Naval Research Labs Report 5394, Surface Chemistry Branch, Chemistry Division, October 21, 1959. 

Shafrin, E.G. and Zisman, W.A. (1960) Constitutive relations in the wetting of low-energy surfaces and the theory of the retraction method of preparing monolayers. /. Phys. Chem., 64, 519-24. 

Our own investigations have concerned (a) liquid spreading on solids and the laws relating the equilibrium contact angle and the critical surface tension of wetting to solid and liquid constitution (26, 27, 28, 53, 54,62), (b) liquid/liquid displacement from solid surfaces (1,5), (c) the properties of adsorbed monolayers on solids and their relation to the monolayer retraction method (28, 54, 62), (d) the surface electrostatic potentials of adsorbed organic monolayers on metals (9, 10, 11, 58, 59), (e) the effects of surface constitution on adhesion and abhesion (60),... 

The deformed drop retraction method (DDRM) has been recendy proposed. It makes it possible to determine from the time evolution of deformed elhpsoidal drops towards its spherical equilibrium form [Luciani et al., 1997]. Assuming an elhpsoidal shape for a drop of initial radius Rq deformed under simple shear, the foUowing relation was found ... 

Interfacial tension, V12- Drop retraction method (DDRM) 310-312, 314, 317, 456, 495 Interfacial tension, Pendant drop method 310-312, 314, 317, 456, 495... 

Measurements of interfacial tensions of polymer melts were reviewed by Wu (55), Koberstein (65), and Demarquette (66). The measurements usually need long equilibrium time because of the high viscosities of polymer melts. The measurements can be divided into two groups static methods in which interfacial tension is calculated based on the equilibrium profile of the drops and dynamic methods that study the evolution of fiber or drop profiles with time. Static methods include pendant drop method, sessile drop method, and rotating drop method. Dynamic methods include breaking thread method, imbedded fiber method, and deformed drop retraction method. 

Retraction Method and Wetting Properties of Resulting Films... 

Theory of Retraction Method and Some Related Topics... 

In 1987, Eley et al. (72) used the pendant-drop retraction method in the study of film compressibilities of crude oil/water interfaces for three crudes. These varied in asphaltene content. Libya (Brega) had 0.46 g/L, Kuwait 3.7 g/L, and Tia Juana (Venezuela) 5.94 g/L. They added a dispersant containing a nonionic oil-soluble surfactant, and observed increased film compressibilities. The concentration of effective dispersant correlated with the asphaltene con-... 

Zisman and co-workers used the critical surface tension principle to correlate wettability with the constitution of low-energy surfaces. Condensed mono-layers were prepared on polished platinum or glass by adsorption from solution and isolation by the retraction method. Data obtained by these methods [26] are tabulated in Table 11.3. 

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