Respiratory system—structural organization

Since OPC block ChE selectively in every cholinergic structure (bland N-cholinoreceptive systems), practically all physiological systems and organs can be involved in a pathological process. At that, changes in activity of the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as the resulting impairments in respiratory and cardiac activities have a critical influence on an outcome of the poisoning. 

A wide variety of morphological changes have been associated with inhalation of airborne contaminants. Both acute and chronic exposures directly affect the structural integrity of the respiratory system. Acute studies are conducted primarily to define the intrinsic toxicity of the chemical, to identify the target organs, and provide information for the design and selection of doses for long-term studies. 

Visceral Osteopathy. Osteopaths who propose the application of visceral osteopathy state that the internal organs and bodily structures (such as the digestive tract and respiratory system) and the body s motion are interconnected. For optimal health, connections among the organs and structures need to remain balanced and stable, despite the body s endless motion. Visceral osteopaths believe that manipulating the musculoskeletal system benefits the internal organs and vice versa. The effectiveness of visceral osteopathy remains controversial even within the osteopathic profession. 

Many diversified activities of men and women are carried out through the combined actions of a complex structure of organ systems distributed in different parts of the human body. These include the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, digestive system, endocrine system, integumentary system, lymphatic system, immune system, respiratory system, nervous system, urinary system, and reproductive system. 

An appropriate starting point for any discussion of drug transport in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract at the cellular level requires some introductory remarks on the structure and function of GI tissue. As a class of tissue, epithelia demarcate body entry points (skin, eye, respiratory, urinary, and GI organ systems), predisposing a general barrier function with respect to solute entry and translocation. In addi-... 

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