Resolution vanadium determination

Field et al. [747] used ICP high-resolution mass spectrometry to determine vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead in seawater. Each analysis required 50 p,l sample and a 6 minute analysis time. 

Weyand M, Hecht H-J, KieP M, Liaud M-F, Vilter H, Schomburg D (1999) X-ray Structure Determination of a Vanadium-dependent Haloperoxidase from Ascophyllum nodosum at 2.0 A Resolution. J Mol Biol 293 595... 

This equation has been extensively accepted and applied, and thus comparison of various VPO materials in different publications has been possible (see Table 6.3). Although calculating the mean oxidation state of vanadium is exceptionally valuable (especially with spectra lacking resolution), it allows determination of the fraction of different contributions if only two oxidation states are present in the sample (i.e. it is not useful if V / V / V are simultaneously present). Furthermore, with a significantly high E contribution in the O Is line (from adsorbed water, OH groups and carbon-related O) the equahon will overeshmate the degree of reduchon of the formal vanadium valence. 

Dittert, I.M., Silva, J.S.A., Araujo, R.G.O., Curtius, A.J., Welz, B., Becker-Ross, H., (2010), Simultaneous determination of cobalt and vanadium in imdiluted crude oil using high resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. /, Anal. At. Spectrom. 25, 590-595. 

Lanza, E, and Trincherini, P. R. (2000). The determination of cadmium, lead and vanadium by high resolution ICP-MS in antartic snow samples. Chim. (Rome) 90(1), 61. 

Weyand M, Hecht HJ, Kiess M, Liaud ME, Vilter H, Schom-burg D. X-ray structure determination of a vanadium-depen-dent haloperoxidase from Ascophyllum nodosum at 2.0 angstrom resolution. 7. Mol Biol 1999 293 595-611. 

---