Resinification of FA with CW

To determine whether CW has a catalytic effect of the resinification of FA, in a typical experiment, 0.75-1.0 phr freeze-dried CW was redispersed in FA by means of a brief ultrasonication treatment (Fisher 500W, 25-50% amphtude, 15 min bursts) followed by heating to 50 °C for additional dispersion. At 50 °C, the sulfonic acid residues are stable and de-esterification is not expected. After 1 h at 50 °C, the mixture was heated to the target reaction temperature untQ resinification of FA to PFA occurred. 

To characterize the curing behavior and to investigate how the presence of CW influences the polymerization of FA, FTIR, and DSC, spectra were collected before and during the resinification process. 

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