Residual force vector

Vector of externally applied forces Residual force vector... 

The die wall force measurement can be used in combination with the upper punch force, lower punch force, ejection force, and punch position waveform data to calculate useful material parameters, such as maximum/residual die wall pressure, Poisson s ratio, and coefficient of friction. A schematic of the principle force vectors during powder... 

This represents a shaking force at a frequency equal to rotor speed. For foundation design, a value of 5 to 10 times the residual unbalance or A to 1 times rotor weight at operating speed would be a reasonable design value. The direction of the force is perpendicular to the shaft, and operates as a rotating vector which can be centered between the bearings. 

The last possible combination is to have a sample with large sample leverage and large studentized concentration residuals. Hus indicates a problem with the measurement vector and/or the reference concentration values. Because of the possibility of the model being forced to fit influential points, the recommendation is to reexamine the measurement and reference concentration values whenever a sample has large leverage. 

The presence of dispersed fillers in the polymer material in low amounts may intensify electrization, increase the residual charge and change the friction coefficient. Introduction of the filler in the electret state exerts a still stronger effect on polymer electrization on frictional interaction with metals. Depending on the direction of the field intensity vector formed by the filler particles, the field generated by triboelectrization can be attenuated or intensified. This means that the principle of the electret-triboelectrization superposition is realized [49], which can be used to regulate the parameters of frictional interactions. Thus, by the introduction of the electret filler, e.g. mechanically activated F-3 powder, it is possible to decrease the friction force (Fig. 4.9). 

Figure 6. 2D SAXS patterns of PET and PBT bristles, cold drawn, A = 3.5 (A = 2.3) and annealed with fixed ends for 6 h at 240°C (180°C), recorded at room temperature at a forced tensile deformation e or tensile set (residual elongation) in percent (a) PET, e = 0, (b) PET, = 8, (c) PET, = 0(5.5), (d) PET, , = 4.7(8), (e) PBT, e = 0, and (f) PBT, ,.= 6.7(16.7). The value in brackets is the forced elongation in percent during the previous measurement under stress. Each square covers the range -0.15 nm < 3 2, 3 < 0.15 nm with the modulus of the scattering vector defined by s = (sj2 + % ) = (2/A)sin 9. Vertical straining direction [22]...

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