Reductions of nitrogen compounds

B. Keita, L. Nadjo, R. Contantetal., Process for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen compounds and catalysts used. (GNRS) French Patent 89/1,728,1989. 

Some microorganisms can catalyze certain oxido-reduction reactions like the oxidation of iron and manganese in water, the oxidation of sulfur compounds, and oxidation-reduction of nitrogen compounds. Aerobic autotrophic bacteria of the type Thiobacillus can release soluble iron, copper, and sulfuric acid as sulphates into water. These organisms can be found everywhere in nature wherever an acidic environment is maintained in the presence of sulfide-containing minerals. 

Catalytic deuterium reduction of nitrogen compounds occurs readily, e.g. ... 

Selenolates such as Na2Se, NaSeH, PhSeNa, etc., and tellurolates such as NapTe, NaTeH, PhTeNa, etc., are excellent nucleophiles and can reduce a variety of functional groups by nucleophilic attack or single electron-transfer. On treatment with alkali metal selenolates (or amine salts of HpSe and PhSeH), reduction or reductive selenation of ketones and aldehydes, C=C reduction of a,/l-unsaturated compounds, and reduction of nitrogen compounds such as nitro compounds occur successfully [118, 176]. Compared with these selenolate anions, the corresponding tellurium compounds are highly reactive not only toward the same substrates but also toward halo compounds such as a-bromo ketones and vic-dibromoalkanes [46, 52, 177]. 

Reduction of nitrogen compounds. Aiylamines are produced by using electrogenerated nickel (suspension from a nickel anode) to reduce nitroarenes. ... 

Reduction of nitrogenous compounds. This reducing system transforms ni-troarenes and imines to amines. 

Reduction of nitrogenous compounds. Azidoarenes are converted to anilines in... 

Reduction of nitrogenous compounds. By using octylviologen as an electron transfer agent in MeCN, nitroalkanes are reduced to hydroxylamine and azoarenes to hydrazoarenes. ... 

Reduction of nitrogenous compounds. Tosylhydrazones are reduced to tosyl-... 

Makes use of an effects-based approach for the second step of the protocol, which aims at further reductions of nitrogen compounds, including ammonia and volatile organic compounds... 

Note 4. Reduction of nitrogen compounds prior to Kjeldahl digestion. Nitro, nitroso and azo compounds, also hydrazones, oximes and some heterocyclic compounds are not quantitatively digested by the catalysts A, B or C shown in Table 2.8. If compounds of these types are being analysed either add 0.5 g pure sucrose (or glucose) to the mixture of catalyst A or B, sulfuric acid and a suitable weight of sample (or carry out a preliminary reduction of the sample with hydriodic acid and red phosphorus as described next.)... 

Another interesting reduction of nitrogenated compounds is the first described promiscuous activity of some alcohol dehydrogenases that are able to reduce phenylacetaldoxime. Kroutil and coworkers [52] were seeking ADHfirst step the oxime is reduced to an imine that spontaneously hydrolyzes to the aldehyde. Further, this aldehyde is reduced by the ADH to the alcohol (Scheme 2.16). 

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