Reduction biotransformation reaction class

During the biotransformations affecting xenobiotics, five major kinds of chemical reactions may occur oxidations (by far the most important), reductions, hydrolysis, substitutions, and eliminations. As Phase I and II reactions are part of this classification, each class of reactions can give rise to toxic metabolites. 

The biotransformation of xenobiotics is catalysed by a number of enzymes that be divided into classes of reactions. These are hydrolysis, reduction, oxidation, conjugation. These reactions are part of the current curriculum and therefore provide an opportunity for connecting chemistry and toxicology. 

However, the most extensively investigated class of ERs is members of the OYE family of flavin oxidoreductases (EC 1.6.99.1). There is detailed information known about OYEs, such as their structure, reaction mechanism, substrate scope, kinetic properties, and biocatalytic approaches. Therefore, this chapter will focus on this latter class of enzymes. They have been intensively studied over the past decade in view of their applicability in preparative-scale biotransformations [1, 8-12]. These FMN-containing enzymes catalyze the asymmetric reduction of a,p-unsaturated... 

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