Reducing agents ionic-phase

Liz-Marzan and Lado-Tourino [409] describe a synthetic procedure that does not require an oil phase or a conventional reducing agent like hydrazine. Various surfactants were used individually, namely, AOT, poly-(n)-oxyethylene stearyl and oleyl ethers Brij 72, Brij 92, Brij 97, and Tween 80. Solutions of AgN03 and surfactant in ethanol caused slow formation of silver particles no stirring was required after homogenization. The authors conclude that the non-ionic surfactants (Brij 97 was the most effective) reduced silver ions via oxidation of the oxyethy lene groups into hydroperoxides. Further, steric stabilization was achieved by adsorption of the surfactant molecules on the silver particles. For [AgN03] = [Brij 97] = O.OIM, the mean particle size after 7.5 h was 9 nm and after 1 week, 6.4 nm. 

The conditions necessary to elute adsorbed membrane proteins may vary and are dependent on the affinity of the antibody for the antigen (see Table 5a). Disruption of antibody-antigen bonds can be achieved either by changing the ionic conditions of the mobile phase or by the introduction of additives such as chaotropic ions. In addition, polarity-reducing agents (10% glycerol, detergents)... 

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