Recurrent neurological events

Agarwal, S., Bajaj, N.S., Kumbhani, D.J., Tuzcu, E.M., Kapadia, S.R., 2012. Meta-analysis of transcatheter closure versus medical therapy for patent foramen ovale in prevention of recurrent neurological events after presumed paradoxical embolism. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 5, 777-789. 

The risk of recurrent ipsilateral neurologic events with medical management is much lower for moderate (50-69% by the NASCET criteria) compared with severe carotid lesions (10). Since the potential benefit of any revascularization procedure is dependent on lesion severity (45) in patients with moderate or borderline stenoses the risk-benefit ratio of carotid stenting should carefully be weighed. 

Advances in Neurology 92 197-202 Mas JL, Arquizan C, Lamy C et al. (2001). Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Aneurysm Study Group. Recurrent cerebrovascular events associated with patent foramen ovale atrial septal aneurysm or both. New England Journal of Medicine 345 1740-1746 Masuda J, Yutani C, Wald R et al. (1992). Histopathological analysis of the mechanisms of intracranial haemorrhage complicating infective endocarditis. Stroke 23 843-850 Matijevic N, Wu K (2006). Hypercoagulable states and strokes. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 8 324-329... 

---