Recent Advancements of the Stille Reaction

XantPhos, 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene XPhos, 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2, 4, 6 -triisopropylbiphenyl. 

Further developments concerning the Stille cross-coupling methodology of alkynylstannanes avoided the use of Pd-based catalysts by utilizing a combination of CU2O nanoparticles, P(o-Tol)3, KF, and TBAB (tetrabutylammonium bromide) as a recyclable catalytic system [252]. Coupling of aryl iodides and activated aryl 

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